@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Quattrocento:wght@400;700&display=swap');
@import url('./variables.css');

:root {
    /* Color Palette - Academic Theme */
    --primary-teal: #008080;
    --primary-coral: #ff7f50;
    --primary-gold: #ffd700;
    --secondary-beige: #f5f5dc;
    --neutral-dark: #2c3e50;
    --neutral-medium: #7f8c8d;
    --neutral-light: #ecf0f1;
    --white: #ffffff;
    --academic-blue: #3498db;
    --academic-green: #27ae60;
    
    /* Spacing Scale */
    --space-xs: 0.5rem;
    --space-sm: 1rem;
    --space-md: 1.5rem;
    --space-lg: 2rem;
    --space-xl: 3rem;
    --space-2xl: 4rem;
    --space-3xl: 6rem;
    
    /* Typography Scale */
    --text-xs: 0.75rem;
    --text-sm: 0.875rem;
    --text-base: 1rem;
    --text-lg: 1.125rem;
    --text-xl: 1.25rem;
    --text-2xl: 1.5rem;
    --text-3xl: 1.875rem;
    --text-4xl: 2.25rem;
    --text-5xl: 3rem;
    
    /* Border Radius */
    --radius-sm: 0.25rem;
    --radius-md: 0.5rem;
    --radius-lg: 0.75rem;
    --radius-xl: 1rem;
    
    /* Shadows */
    --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    --shadow-md: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
    --shadow-lg: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 4px 6px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    --shadow-xl: 0 20px 25px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 10px 10px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
    
    /* Transitions */
    --transition-fast: 0.15s ease-in-out;
    --transition-normal: 0.3s ease-in-out;
    --transition-slow: 0.5s ease-in-out;
    
    /* Container Max Width */
    --container-max-width: 1440px;
}

* {
    font-family: 'Quattrocento', serif;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* Academic Background Pattern */
body {
    background-image:
        radial-gradient(circle at 25% 25%, rgba(0, 128, 128, 0.03) 0%, transparent 50%),
        radial-gradient(circle at 75% 75%, rgba(255, 127, 80, 0.03) 0%, transparent 50%);
    background-size: 100px 100px;
    background-attachment: fixed;
}

/* Scroll-triggered animations */
@keyframes fadeInUp {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(30px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

@keyframes slideInLeft {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateX(-30px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateX(0);
    }
}

@keyframes slideInRight {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateX(30px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateX(0);
    }
}

/* Apply animations to sections */
.about-section {
    animation: fadeInUp 0.8s ease-out;
}

.cta-section {
    animation: fadeInUp 0.8s ease-out 0.2s both;
}

.publishing-section {
    animation: slideInLeft 0.8s ease-out 0.4s both;
}

.journal-explore {
    animation: slideInRight 0.8s ease-out 0.6s both;
}

.inspiration-section {
    animation: fadeInUp 0.8s ease-out 0.8s both;
}

.blog-section {
    animation: fadeInUp 0.8s ease-out 1s both;
}

/* Enhanced hover effects */
.author-guidelines-container:hover .img-container img,
.peer-review-policy-container:hover .img-container img,
.open-access-policy-container:hover .img-container img,
.article-processing-fees-container:hover .img-container img,
.editorial-board-container:hover .img-container img,
.ethics-container:hover .img-container img,
.publication-fees-container:hover .img-container img {
    transform: scale(1.08) rotate(2deg);
}

.blog-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-8px) rotate(1deg);
}

/* Pulse animation for CTA buttons */
@keyframes pulse {
    0% {
        box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(0, 128, 128, 0.4);
    }
    70% {
        box-shadow: 0 0 0 10px rgba(0, 128, 128, 0);
    }
    100% {
        box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(0, 128, 128, 0);
    }
}

.btn-primary:hover {
    animation: pulse 1.5s infinite;
}

/* Animate-in class for intersection observer */
.animate-in {
    animation-fill-mode: both;
}

/* Loading states */
.btn[aria-busy="true"] {
    position: relative;
    color: transparent !important;
}

.btn[aria-busy="true"]::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    width: 16px;
    height: 16px;
    margin: -8px 0 0 -8px;
    border: 2px solid #ffffff;
    border-top: 2px solid transparent;
    border-radius: 50%;
    animation: spin 1s linear infinite;
}

/* Enhanced focus for keyboard navigation */
*:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--primary-teal);
    outline-offset: 3px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}

/* Better button states */
.btn:active {
    transform: scale(0.98);
}

.btn:disabled {
    opacity: 0.6;
    cursor: not-allowed;
}

/* Improved text selection */
::selection {
    background: rgba(0, 128, 128, 0.2);
    color: var(--neutral-dark);
}

/* Better scrollbar styling */
::-webkit-scrollbar {
    width: 8px;
}

::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
    background: var(--neutral-light);
}

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
    background: var(--primary-teal);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover {
    background: var(--primary-coral);
}

/* Utility Classes */
.container {
    max-width: var(--container-max-width);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 var(--space-md);
}

.visually-hidden {
    position: absolute;
    width: 1px;
    height: 1px;
    padding: 0;
    margin: -1px;
    overflow: hidden;
    clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
    border: 0;
}

/* Focus Management */
*:focus {
    outline: 2px solid var(--primary-teal);
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* hero section */
.hero-section {
    position: relative;
    min-height: 30vh;
    width: 100%;
    overflow: hidden;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
   z-index: -2000;
}
.hero-container {
    max-width: 1440px;;
    width: 100%;
    margin-left: 50px;
    margin-right: 50px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.hero-image {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    height: 100%;
    width: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center;
    opacity: 0.6;
    z-index: -1;
}

.hero-content, .hero-title, .hero-description {
    text-align: center;
    max-width: 100%;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.hero-title-line {
    font-size: 1.8em;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    line-height: 1;
    color: var(--primary-teal);
    font-weight: bold;
    text-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 128, 128, 0.1);
}

.hero-description {
    font-size: 1.5em;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    font-weight: bolder;
}

.about-content {
    text-align: left;
    margin-left: 10%;
}

.about-row {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 20px;
}

.about-text-column {
    flex: 1;
    max-width: 1000px;
}

.about-subtitle {
    font-size: 3vw; /* Responsive font size */
    color: #ff7f50;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.about-list {
    list-style: square;
    font-size: .5em;
    color: #fff;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    width: 100%;
}

.about-description {
    font-size: var(--text-lg);
    color: var(--neutral-medium);
    text-align: center;
    font-weight: 500;
    max-width: 600px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}
/* About Section */
.about-section {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--white) 0%, #f8f8f8 100%);
    padding: var(--space-sm) 0;
    position: relative;
}

.about-container {
    max-width: var(--container-max-width);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 var(--space-md);
}

.about-content {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

.about-title {
    font-size: clamp(var(--text-2xl), 3vw, var(--text-4xl));
    color: var(--primary-teal);
    font-weight: 700;
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-sm);
    position: relative;
}

.about-title::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -10px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    width: 80px;
    height: 4px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-teal), var(--primary-coral));
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}

.about-intro {
    font-size: var(--text-lg);
    color: var(--neutral-medium);
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-xl);
    font-style: italic;
    max-width: 600px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
}

.about-stats {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: var(--space-xl);
    margin: var(--space-xl) 0;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.stat-item {
    text-align: center;
    padding: var(--space-md);
    background: var(--white);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 128, 128, 0.1);
    transition: transform var(--transition-normal), box-shadow var(--transition-normal);
}

.stat-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.stat-number {
    display: block;
    font-size: clamp(var(--text-3xl), 4vw, var(--text-5xl));
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary-teal);
    line-height: 1;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-xs);
}

.stat-label {
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: var(--neutral-medium);
    font-weight: 500;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 1px;
}

.about-row {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 20px;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 800px;
}

.about-text-column {
    flex: 1;
    max-width: 100%;
}

.about-subtitle {
    font-size: clamp(var(--text-lg), 2.5vw, var(--text-2xl));
    color: var(--primary-coral);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-md);
    font-weight: 600;
}

.about-list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-lg);
}

.about-list li {
    padding: var(--space-sm) 0;
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 25px;
    color: var(--neutral-dark);
    font-size: var(--text-base);
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.about-list li::before {
    content: '✓';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    color: var(--primary-teal);
    font-weight: bold;
}

.about-description {
    font-size: var(--text-lg);
    color: var(--neutral-medium);
    line-height: 1.7;
    text-align: center;
    font-style: italic;
    max-width: 1000px;
}
/* end of about section */

/* end of hero section */

/* CTA Section - Enhanced with Modern Design */
.cta-section {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--neutral-light) 0%, var(--secondary-beige) 100%);
    padding: var(--space-sm) 0;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.cta-section::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 20"><defs><pattern id="grain" width="100" height="20" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><circle cx="10" cy="10" r="1.5" fill="%23008080" opacity="0.1"/></pattern></defs><rect width="100" height="20" fill="url(%23grain)"/></svg>');
    pointer-events: none;
}

.cta-container {
    max-width: var(--container-max-width);
    width: 100%;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 var(--space-md);
}

.cta-content {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

.cta-title {
    font-size: clamp(var(--text-3xl), 4vw, var(--text-5xl));
    color: var(--neutral-dark);
    font-weight: 700;
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-sm);
    line-height: 1.2;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-teal), var(--primary-coral));
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    background-clip: text;
}

.cta-description {
    font-size: var(--text-xl);
    color: var(--neutral-medium);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-xl);
    text-align: center;
    max-width: 600px;
}

.publication-policies-container {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 1200px;
}

.publication-policies {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(320px, 1fr));
    gap: var(--space-lg);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-xl);
}

.author-guidelines-container,
.peer-review-policy-container,
.open-access-policy-container,
.article-processing-fees-container,
.editorial-board-container,
.ethics-container,
.publication-fees-container {
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 128, 128, 0.1);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: all var(--transition-normal);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    transform: translateY(0);
    position: relative;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.author-guidelines-container::before,
.peer-review-policy-container::before,
.open-access-policy-container::before,
.article-processing-fees-container::before,
.editorial-board-container::before,
.ethics-container::before,
.publication-fees-container::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 4px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-teal), var(--primary-coral));
    transform: scaleX(0);
    transform-origin: left;
    transition: transform var(--transition-normal);
}

.author-guidelines-container:hover,
.peer-review-policy-container:hover,
.open-access-policy-container:hover,
.article-processing-fees-container:hover,
.editorial-board-container:hover,
.ethics-container:hover,
.publication-fees-container:hover {
    transform: translateY(-8px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
    border-color: var(--primary-teal);
}

.author-guidelines-container:hover::before,
.peer-review-policy-container:hover::before,
.open-access-policy-container:hover::before,
.article-processing-fees-container:hover::before,
.editorial-board-container:hover::before,
.ethics-container:hover::before,
.publication-fees-container:hover::before {
    transform: scaleX(1);
}

.author-guidelines-container a,
.peer-review-policy-container a,
.open-access-policy-container a,
.article-processing-fees-container a,
.editorial-board-container a,
.ethics-container a,
.publication-fees-container a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
    display: block;
    height: 100%;
}

.img-container {
    overflow: hidden;
    height: 200px;
    position: relative;
}

.img-container img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    transition: transform var(--transition-slow);
}

.img-container:hover img {
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

.text-container {
    padding: var(--space-lg);
    text-align: center;
}

.text-container h1 {
    font-size: var(--text-xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--neutral-dark);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-sm);
    line-height: 1.3;
}

.text-container p {
    font-size: var(--text-base);
    color: var(--neutral-medium);
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.cta-actions {
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--space-md);
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-top: var(--space-lg);
}

.cta-actions button {
    padding: var(--space-md) var(--space-xl);
    font-size: var(--text-lg);
    font-weight: 600;
    border: none;
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all var(--transition-normal);
    cursor: pointer;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    min-width: 160px;
}

.cta-actions button::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: -100%;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3), transparent);
    transition: left var(--transition-slow);
}

.cta-actions button:hover::before {
    left: 100%;
}

.cta-actions .btn-primary {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-teal), #006666);
    color: var(--white);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.cta-actions .btn-primary:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-coral), #e55a3a);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

.cta-actions .btn-secondary {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--neutral-medium), #555555);
    color: var(--white);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.cta-actions .btn-secondary:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-coral), #e55a3a);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}
/* end of cta section */


/* Publishing Section - Modern Carousel Design */
.publishing-section {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--white) 0%, #fafafa 100%);
    padding: var(--space-3xl) 0;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.publishing-section::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 1px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, var(--primary-teal), transparent);
}

.publishing-container {
    max-width: var(--container-max-width);
    width: 100%;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 var(--space-md);
}

.publishing-content {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
}

.publishing-section-title {
    color: var(--primary-coral);
    font-size: clamp(var(--text-2xl), 3.5vw, var(--text-4xl));
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.2;
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-xl);
    position: relative;
}

.publishing-section-title::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -10px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    width: 80px;
    height: 4px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-teal), var(--primary-coral));
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}

.carousel-container {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 60px;
}

#carousel {
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--space-lg);
    overflow-x: auto;
    scroll-snap-type: x mandatory;
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
    padding: var(--space-sm) 0;
    /* -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; - Deprecated, use scroll-behavior instead */
}

.hide-scrollbar {
    -ms-overflow-style: none;
    /* scrollbar-width: none; - Limited browser support, using webkit fallback */
}

.hide-scrollbar::-webkit-scrollbar {
    display: none;
}

.submit-cta,
.manuscript-tracking,
.manuscript-management,
.published-articles {
    flex: 0 0 320px;
    scroll-snap-align: start;
    background: var(--white);
    border-radius: var(--radius-xl);
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    transition: all var(--transition-normal);
    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 128, 128, 0.1);
    position: relative;
}

.submit-cta:hover,
.manuscript-tracking:hover,
.manuscript-management:hover,
.published-articles:hover {
    transform: translateY(-8px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
}

.submit-cta::before,
.manuscript-tracking::before,
.manuscript-management::before,
.published-articles::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 4px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-teal), var(--primary-coral));
    transform: scaleX(0);
    transform-origin: left;
    transition: transform var(--transition-normal);
}

.submit-cta:hover::before,
.manuscript-tracking:hover::before,
.manuscript-management:hover::before,
.published-articles:hover::before {
    transform: scaleX(1);
}

.submit-cta img,
.manuscript-tracking img,
.manuscript-management img,
.published-articles img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 200px;
    object-fit: cover;
    transition: transform var(--transition-slow);
}

.submit-cta:hover img,
.manuscript-tracking:hover img,
.manuscript-management:hover img,
.published-articles:hover img {
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

.submit-cta h2,
.manuscript-tracking h2,
.manuscript-management h2,
.published-articles h2 {
    padding: 0 var(--space-lg);
    margin: var(--space-md) 0 var(--space-sm) 0;
    font-size: var(--text-xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--neutral-dark);
    line-height: 1.3;
}

.step-features {
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--space-xs);
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    padding: 0 var(--space-lg);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-md);
}

.feature-tag {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-teal), #006666);
    color: var(--white);
    padding: var(--space-xs) var(--space-sm);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    font-size: var(--text-xs);
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.submit-cta p,
.manuscript-tracking p,
.manuscript-management p,
.published-articles p {
    padding: 0 var(--space-lg);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-lg);
    font-size: var(--text-base);
    color: var(--neutral-medium);
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.submit-cta .btn,
.manuscript-tracking .btn,
.manuscript-management .btn,
.published-articles .btn {
    margin: 0 var(--space-lg) var(--space-lg) var(--space-lg);
    padding: var(--space-sm) var(--space-md);
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-teal), #006666);
    color: var(--white);
    border: none;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: inline-block;
    transition: all var(--transition-normal);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.submit-cta .btn::before,
.manuscript-tracking .btn::before,
.manuscript-management .btn::before,
.published-articles .btn::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: -100%;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3), transparent);
    transition: left var(--transition-slow);
}

.submit-cta .btn:hover::before,
.manuscript-tracking .btn:hover::before,
.manuscript-management .btn:hover::before,
.published-articles .btn:hover::before {
    left: 100%;
}

.submit-cta .btn:hover,
.manuscript-tracking .btn:hover,
.manuscript-management .btn:hover,
.published-articles .btn:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-coral), #e55a3a);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.carousel-arrow {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    background: var(--white);
    color: var(--primary-teal);
    border: 2px solid var(--primary-teal);
    width: 48px;
    height: 48px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    font-size: var(--text-xl);
    cursor: pointer;
    z-index: 10;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    transition: all var(--transition-normal);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.carousel-arrow:hover {
    background: var(--primary-teal);
    color: var(--white);
    transform: translateY(-50%) scale(1.1);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

.carousel-arrow:active {
    transform: translateY(-50%) scale(0.95);
}

.carousel-arrow.left {
    left: 10px;
}

.carousel-arrow.right {
    right: 10px;
}

.carousel-dots-container {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-top: var(--space-lg);
}

.carousel-dots {
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--space-sm);
    align-items: center;
}

.carousel-dot {
    width: 12px;
    height: 12px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: rgba(0, 128, 128, 0.3);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all var(--transition-normal);
    position: relative;
}

.carousel-dot:hover {
    background: rgba(0, 128, 128, 0.6);
    transform: scale(1.2);
}

.carousel-dot.active {
    background: var(--primary-teal);
    transform: scale(1.3);
}

.carousel-dot.active::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: -4px;
    left: -4px;
    right: -4px;
    bottom: -4px;
    border: 2px solid var(--primary-teal);
    border-radius: 50%;
    opacity: 0.3;
}
/* end of publishing section */

/* journals section */
.journal-explore {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    position: relative;
    background-color: white;
}

.explore-container {
    max-width: 1440px;
    display: flex;
    width: 100%;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 20px;
    justify-content: center;
    margin: 0 25px;
}

.explore-content {
    display: flex;
    margin: auto;
    width: 100%;
}

.explore-details {
    display: flex;
    width: 100%;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.section-title {
    display: flex;
    color: black;
    width: 100%;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.subheading {
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 1.2em;
    font-weight: bold;
    text-align: center;
    color: teal;
    opacity: 0.5;
}

.title-content {
    display: flex;
    width: 100%;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: flex-start;
}

.main-heading {
    font-size: 2em;
    font-weight: bold;
    line-height: 1.5em;
    text-align: center;
}

.description {
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: normal;
    line-height: 1.5em;
    margin-left: 5px;
    text-align: justify;
}

.journal-categories {
    display: flex;
    width: 100%;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    font-size: 18px;
    list-style: none;
    line-height: 2;
}

.journal-category i {
    color: teal;
    padding-right: 5px;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.swahili-link {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
}

.swahili-link:hover {
    color: lightgray;
}

.explore-image-container {
    display: flex;
    margin-top: 0;
    padding-top: 0;
    align-items: flex-end;
    justify-content: flex-end;
}
.explore-container .col,
.explore-image-container .col {
    display: flex;
    width: 100%;
}
.image-button-container {
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
}

.hidden-button {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transition: opacity 0.3s, visibility 0.3s;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 30px;
}

.link-button {
    background-color: white;
    color: teal;
    padding: 5px 10px;
    font-size: 1.5em;
    font-weight: bold;
    cursor: pointer;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 30px;
}

.link-button:hover {
    background-color: coral;
    color: white;
}

.explore-image {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 400px;
}


/* to be used later */
/*
.journals-grid-container {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 20px;
}
/*
.journals-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr);
    gap: 16px;
    width: 100%;
}
/*

.journal-cover-link {
    display: block;
    overflow: hidden;
    position: relative;
}

.journal-cover {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
    transform-origin: center;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}
/*
.journal-cover-link:hover .journal-cover {
    transform-origin: center;
    transform: scale(1.5);
    z-index: 0;

*/
/* end of journals section */

/* Feature section */
.feature-section {
    background-color: #aaa;
    display: flex;
    width: 100%;
    flex-direction: column;
    overflow: hidden;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 112px 64px;
}

.feature-container {
    display: flex;
    width: 100%;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 40px 80px;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.feature-image {
    background-color: #ccc;
    align-self: stretch;
    display: flex;
    min-width: 240px;
    flex-direction: column;
    overflow: hidden;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex: 1;
    flex-basis: 0;
    margin: auto 0;
    padding: 269px 80px;
}

.feature-icon {
    aspect-ratio: 1.25;
    object-fit: contain;
    object-position: center;
    width: 128px;
    max-width: 100%;
}

.feature-content {
    align-self: stretch;
    display: flex;
    min-width: 240px;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    flex: 1;
    flex-basis: 160px;
    margin: auto 0;
}

.feature-text {
    display: flex;
    width: 100%;
    flex-direction: column;
    color: #000;
    justify-content: flex-start;
}

.feature-title {
    font-size: 48px;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 58px;
}

.feature-description {
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 27px;
    margin-top: 24px;
}

.feature-list {
    display: flex;
    margin-top: 32px;
    width: 100%;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 24px;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    padding: 8px 0;
}

.feature-item {
    display: flex;
    min-width: 240px;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    flex: 1;
    flex-basis: 0;
}

.feature-item-icon {
    aspect-ratio: 1;
    object-fit: contain;
    object-position: center;
    width: 48px;
}

.feature-item-title {
    font-size: 20px;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.4;
    margin-top: 16px;
}

.feature-item-description {
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 24px;
    margin-top: 16px;
}

.feature-actions {
    align-self: flex-start;
    display: flex;
    margin-top: 24px;
    padding-top: 16px;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 24px;
    color: #000;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    font: 400 16px  ;
}

.btn-link {
    align-self: stretch;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    justify-content: center;
    margin: auto 0;
}

.btn-icon {
    aspect-ratio: 1;
    object-fit: contain;
    object-position: center;
    width: 24px;
    align-self: stretch;
    margin: auto 0;
}
/* end of feature section */


/* indexing section */
/*
.indexing-section {
    background-color: #008080;
    display: flex;
    width: 100%;
    flex-direction: column;
    overflow: hidden;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    padding: 112px 64px 22px;
}

.indexing-header {
    align-self: center;
    display: flex;
    width: 768px;
    max-width: 100%;
    flex-direction: column;
    color: #000;
    text-align: center;
    justify-content: flex-start;
}

.indexing-subheading {
    align-self: center;
    font: 600 16px  ;
}

.indexing-title {
    font-size: 48px;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 58px;
   
}

.indexing-description {
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 27px;
    margin-top: 24px;
}

.indexing-content {
    display: flex;
    margin-top: 80px;
    width: 100%;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: flex-start;
}

.indexing-row {
    display: flex;
    width: 100%;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 40px 48px;
   
    color: #000;
    text-align: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.indexing-item {
    display: flex;
    min-width: 240px;
    flex-direction: column;
    overflow: hidden;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    flex: 1;
    flex-basis: 0;
}

.indexing-item-image {
    aspect-ratio: 1.69;
    object-fit: contain;
    object-position: center;
    width: 100%;
}

.indexing-item-content {
    display: flex;
    margin-top: 32px;
    width: 100%;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: flex-start;
}

.indexing-item-title {
    font-size: 32px;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 42px;
}

.indexing-item-description {
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 24px;
    margin-top: 24px;
}

.indexing-actions {
    align-self: center;
    display: flex;
    margin-top: 48px;
    padding-top: 16px;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 24px;
    color: #000;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    font: 400 16px  ;
}
    */
/*End of Indexing Section*/

/*Inspiration Section*/
.inspiration-section {
    background-color: rgb(245, 245, 220, 0.5);
    padding: 10px 10px;
    text-align: center;
}

.inspiration-container {
    max-width: 1440px;;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.inspiration-content {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
}

.inspiration-quote {
    font-size: clamp(var(--text-lg), 2.5vw, var(--text-2xl));
    line-height: 1.6;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--primary-teal);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-md);
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
    max-width: 800px;
    position: relative;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 0 var(--space-lg);
}

.inspiration-quote::before {
    content: '"';
    font-size: 4em;
    color: var(--primary-coral);
    position: absolute;
    left: -20px;
    top: -10px;
    opacity: 0.3;
}

.inspiration-quote::after {
    content: '"';
    font-size: 4em;
    color: var(--primary-coral);
    position: absolute;
    right: -20px;
    bottom: -30px;
    opacity: 0.3;
}

.inspiration-avatar {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

.avatar-name {
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: bold;
    color: #007bff;
    margin: 0;
}

/* Author Title Styling */
.avatar-title {
    font-size: 14px;
    color: #6c757d;
    margin: 0;
}
/*End of Inspiration Section*/

/* Blog Section - WordPress Integration Ready */
.blog-section {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--secondary-beige) 0%, #f9f9f9 100%);
    padding: var(--space-3xl) 0;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.blog-section::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 60 60"><defs><pattern id="dots" width="60" height="60" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><circle cx="30" cy="30" r="2" fill="%23008080" opacity="0.05"/></pattern></defs><rect width="60" height="60" fill="url(%23dots)"/></svg>');
    pointer-events: none;
}

.blog-container {
    max-width: var(--container-max-width);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 var(--space-md);
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

.blog-subheading {
    text-align: center;
    color: var(--primary-teal);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: var(--text-base);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 2px;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-sm);
    opacity: 0.8;
}

.blog-header {
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: var(--space-xl);
}

.blog-title {
    font-size: clamp(var(--text-2xl), 3vw, var(--text-4xl));
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.2;
    color: var(--primary-coral);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-sm);
    position: relative;
}

.blog-title::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -8px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    width: 60px;
    height: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-teal), var(--primary-coral));
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}

.blog-description {
    font-size: var(--text-lg);
    font-weight: 400;
    color: var(--neutral-medium);
    max-width: 600px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.blog-content {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.blog-row {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(350px, 1fr));
    gap: var(--space-xl);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-xl);
}

.blog-card {
    background: var(--white);
    border-radius: var(--radius-xl);
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    transition: all var(--transition-normal);
    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 128, 128, 0.1);
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    height: 100%;
}

.blog-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 4px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-teal), var(--primary-coral));
    transform: scaleX(0);
    transform-origin: left;
    transition: transform var(--transition-normal);
}

.blog-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-12px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
}

.blog-card:hover::before {
    transform: scaleX(1);
}

.blog-card-image {
    width: 100%;
    height: 240px;
    object-fit: cover;
    transition: transform var(--transition-slow);
}

.blog-card:hover .blog-card-image {
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

.blog-card-content {
    padding: var(--space-lg);
    flex: 1;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.blog-card-info {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-sm);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-md);
}

.blog-card-category {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-teal), #006666);
    color: var(--white);
    padding: var(--space-xs) var(--space-sm);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.blog-card-read-time {
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: var(--neutral-medium);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-xs);
}

.blog-card-read-time::before {
    content: '⏱';
    font-size: var(--text-base);
}

.blog-card-title {
    font-size: var(--text-xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.4;
    color: var(--neutral-dark);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-md);
    transition: color var(--transition-normal);
}

.blog-card:hover .blog-card-title {
    color: var(--primary-teal);
}

.blog-card-description {
    font-size: var(--text-base);
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--neutral-medium);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-md);
    flex: 1;
}

.blog-meta {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    color: var(--neutral-medium);
    margin-bottom: var(--space-sm);
}

.blog-author {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--primary-teal);
}

.blog-date {
    font-style: italic;
}

.blog-card-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--space-xs);
    color: var(--primary-teal);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: var(--text-base);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all var(--transition-normal);
    position: relative;
    align-self: flex-start;
}

.blog-card-link::after {
    content: '→';
    transition: transform var(--transition-normal);
}

.blog-card-link:hover {
    color: var(--primary-coral);
    transform: translateX(4px);
}

.blog-card-link:hover::after {
    transform: translateX(4px);
}

.blog-view-all {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-teal), #006666);
    color: var(--white);
    border: none;
    padding: var(--space-md) var(--space-xl);
    font-size: var(--text-lg);
    font-weight: 600;
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all var(--transition-normal);
    margin: 0 auto;
    display: block;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    min-width: 200px;
}

.blog-view-all::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: -100%;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3), transparent);
    transition: left var(--transition-slow);
}

.blog-view-all:hover::before {
    left: 100%;
}

.blog-view-all:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-coral), #e55a3a);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

.blog-view-all:active {
    transform: translateY(0);
}

/* WordPress Integration Utilities */
.wp-blog-post {
    /* Dynamic post styling for WordPress integration */
    animation: fadeInUp 0.6s ease-out;
}

@keyframes fadeInUp {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(30px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

.blog-loading {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    height: 200px;
    color: var(--primary-teal);
    font-size: var(--text-lg);
}

.blog-loading::after {
    content: '';
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
    margin-left: var(--space-sm);
    border: 2px solid var(--primary-teal);
    border-top: 2px solid transparent;
    border-radius: 50%;
    animation: spin 1s linear infinite;
}

@keyframes spin {
    0% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
    100% { transform: rotate(360deg); }
}

/* Enhanced Accessibility and Responsive Design */

/* Focus indicators for better accessibility */
*:focus-visible {
    outline: 3px solid var(--primary-teal);
    outline-offset: 2px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}

/* Skip to main content link */
.skip-link {
    position: absolute;
    top: -40px;
    left: 6px;
    background: var(--primary-teal);
    color: var(--white);
    padding: 8px;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    z-index: 1000;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.skip-link:focus {
    top: 6px;
}

/* High contrast mode support */
@media (prefers-contrast: high) {
    :root {
        --primary-teal: #006666;
        --primary-coral: #cc4400;
        --neutral-dark: #000000;
        --neutral-medium: #333333;
        --white: #ffffff;
    }
}

/* Reduced motion support */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    *,
    *::before,
    *::after {
        animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
        animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
        transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
        scroll-behavior: auto !important;
    }
}

/* Mobile-First Responsive Design */

/* Extra Small Devices (320px and up) */
@media (min-width: 320px) {
    :root {
        --space-xs: 0.25rem;
        --space-sm: 0.5rem;
        --space-md: 1rem;
        --space-lg: 1.5rem;
        --space-xl: 2rem;
        --space-2xl: 2.5rem;
        --space-3xl: 3rem;
    }

    .cta-section, .publishing-section, .blog-section, .about-section {
        padding: var(--space-sm) 0;
    }

    .publication-policies {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: var(--space-md);
    }

    .carousel-container {
        padding: 0 var(--space-sm);
    }

    .carousel-arrow {
        display: none; /* Hide arrows on mobile, use swipe */
    }

    .submit-cta, .manuscript-tracking, .manuscript-management, .published-articles {
        flex: 0 0 280px;
    }

    .blog-row {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: var(--space-lg);
    }

    .cta-actions {
        flex-direction: column;
        width: 100%;
    }

    .cta-actions button, .cta-actions a {
        width: 100%;
        margin: var(--space-xs) 0;
    }

    /* About section mobile styles */
    .about-section {
        padding: var(--space-sm) 0;
    }

    .about-title {
        font-size: var(--text-xl);
        margin-bottom: var(--space-lg);
    }

    .about-intro {
        font-size: var(--text-base);
        margin-bottom: var(--space-lg);
    }

    .about-row {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: var(--space-lg);
    }

    .about-list li {
        font-size: var(--text-sm);
        padding-left: 20px;
    }

    .about-description {
        font-size: var(--text-base);
    }

    .about-stats {
        flex-direction: row;
        gap: var(--space-md);
    }

    .stat-item {
        padding: var(--space-sm);
    }

    .stat-number {
        font-size: var(--text-3xl);
    }

    .step-features {
        justify-content: center;
    }

    .feature-tag {
        font-size: 10px;
        padding: 4px 8px;
    }

    .blog-meta {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
        gap: var(--space-xs);
    }

    .inspiration-quote {
        font-size: var(--text-base);
        padding: 0 var(--space-md);
    }

    .inspiration-quote::before,
    .inspiration-quote::after {
        display: none;
    }
}

/* Small Devices (480px and up) */
@media (min-width: 480px) {
    :root {
        --space-md: 1.25rem;
        --space-lg: 1.75rem;
        --space-xl: 2.5rem;
        --space-2xl: 3rem;
        --space-3xl: 4rem;
    }
    
    .publication-policies {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }
    
    .submit-cta, .manuscript-tracking, .manuscript-management, .published-articles {
        flex: 0 0 300px;
    }
    
    .carousel-arrow {
        display: flex;
        width: 40px;
        height: 40px;
        font-size: var(--text-lg);
    }
    
    .cta-actions {
        flex-direction: row;
        justify-content: center;
    }
    
    .cta-actions button, .cta-actions a {
        width: auto;
        margin: 0 var(--space-xs);
    }
}

/* Medium Devices - Tablets (768px and up) */
@media (min-width: 768px) {
    :root {
        --space-md: 1.5rem;
        --space-lg: 2rem;
        --space-xl: 3rem;
        --space-2xl: 4rem;
        --space-3xl: 5rem;
    }
    
    .hero-title,
    .section-heading {
        font-size: 40px;
        line-height: 47px;
    }

    .hero-section {
        padding-top: 10px;
        font-size: 40px;
    }

    .hero-content {
        font-size: 40px;
    }

    .about-row {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: stretch;
        gap: 0;
    }

    .about-image-column,
    .about-text-column {
        width: 100%;
    }
    
    .publication-policies {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
        gap: var(--space-lg);
    }
    
    .carousel-container {
        padding: 0 var(--space-xl);
    }
    
    .carousel-arrow {
        display: flex;
        width: 48px;
        height: 48px;
    }
    
    .submit-cta, .manuscript-tracking, .manuscript-management, .published-articles {
        flex: 0 0 320px;
    }
    
    .blog-row {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
        gap: var(--space-xl);
    }
    
    .explore-container {
        flex-direction: row;
        align-items: center;
    }
    
    .explore-container .col {
        flex: 1;
    }
}

/* Large Devices - Small Desktops (1024px and up) */
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
    :root {
        --space-md: 1.5rem;
        --space-lg: 2rem;
        --space-xl: 3rem;
        --space-2xl: 4rem;
        --space-3xl: 6rem;
    }
    
    .publication-policies {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    }
    
    .carousel-container {
        padding: 0 60px;
    }
    
    .submit-cta, .manuscript-tracking, .manuscript-management, .published-articles {
        flex: 0 0 320px;
    }
    
    .blog-row {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    }
    
    .cta-section, .publishing-section, .blog-section {
        padding: var(--space-lg) 0;
    }
}

/* Extra Large Devices - Large Desktops (1200px and up) */
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
    .publication-policies {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
        max-width: 1200px;
        margin: 0 auto;
    }
    
    .carousel-container {
        max-width: 1200px;
        margin: 0 auto;
    }
    
    .blog-content {
        max-width: 1200px;
    }
}

/* Ultra Wide Screens (1440px and up) */
@media (min-width: 1440px) {
    .publication-policies {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    }
}

/* Responsive Typography */
@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .cta-title, .publishing-section-title, .blog-title {
        font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 5vw, 2.5rem);
    }
    
    .cta-description, .blog-description {
        font-size: var(--text-base);
    }
    
    .text-container h3, .blog-card-title {
        font-size: var(--text-lg);
    }
}

/* Responsive Images */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .img-container {
        height: 150px;
    }
    
    .blog-card-image {
        height: 200px;
    }
    
    .submit-cta img, .manuscript-tracking img,
    .manuscript-management img, .published-articles img {
        height: 150px;
    }
}

/* Interactive Elements for Touch Devices */
@media (hover: none) and (pointer: coarse) {
    .author-guidelines-container:hover,
    .peer-review-policy-container:hover,
    .open-access-policy-container:hover,
    .article-processing-fees-container:hover,
    .editorial-board-container:hover,
    .ethics-container:hover,
    .publication-fees-container:hover {
        transform: none;
        box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    }
    
    .blog-card:hover {
        transform: none;
        box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    }
    
    .submit-cta:hover, .manuscript-tracking:hover,
    .manuscript-management:hover, .published-articles:hover {
        transform: none;
        box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    }
}

/* High Contrast and Accessibility */
@media (prefers-contrast: high) {
    :root {
        --primary-teal: #005757;
        --primary-coral: #cc3300;
        --neutral-dark: #000000;
        --neutral-medium: #333333;
    }
}

/* Reduced Motion */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    *, *::before, *::after {
        animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
        animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
        transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    }
    
    .carousel-arrow, .blog-card, .submit-cta,
    .manuscript-tracking, .manuscript-management, .published-articles,
    .author-guidelines-container, .peer-review-policy-container,
    .open-access-policy-container, .article-processing-fees-container,
    .editorial-board-container, .ethics-container, .publication-fees-container {
        transition: none;
    }
}

/* Print Styles */
@media print {
    .carousel-arrow, .cta-actions, .blog-view-all {
        display: none;
    }
    
    .cta-section, .publishing-section, .blog-section {
        background: white;
        color: black;
        box-shadow: none;
    }
    
    .publication-policies, .blog-row {
        display: block;
    }
    
    .author-guidelines-container, .peer-review-policy-container,
    .open-access-policy-container, .article-processing-fees-container,
    .editorial-board-container, .ethics-container, .publication-fees-container,
    .blog-card {
        break-inside: avoid;
        margin-bottom: 1rem;
        border: 1px solid #ccc;
    }
}

/* Legacy Support for Older Browsers */
@media (max-width: 540px) {
    .journal-explore {
        max-width: 100%;
    }
    
    .explore-container,
    .explore-content,
    .explore-details,
    .section-title,
    .title-content,
    .main-heading,
    .description,
    .journal-list,
    .journal-item,
    .journal-category,
    .explore-image {
        max-width: 100%;
    }

    .explore-container {
        flex-direction: column;
        flex-wrap: nowrap;
    }

    /* Fallback for browsers that don't support CSS Grid */
    .publication-policies {
        display: flex;
        flex-wrap: wrap;
        justify-content: space-between;
    }
    
    .publication-policies > * {
        width: calc(100% - var(--space-sm));
        margin-bottom: var(--space-md);
    }
    
    .blog-row {
        display: flex;
        flex-wrap: wrap;
        justify-content: space-between;
    }
    
    .blog-card {
        width: 100%;
        margin-bottom: var(--space-lg);
    }
}